>>142

�凛 = z(0.95,3.1) - z(1,3)
  = 8(0.95^2 - 1^2) + (3.1^2 - 3^2)
  = -0.78 + 0.61
  = -0.17

 z_x = 16x = 16, (x=1)
 z_y = 2y = 6,  (y=3)

dz = (z_x)dx + (z_y)dy
  = 16dx + 6dy
  ≒ 16�凅 + 6�凉
  = 16(-0.05) + 6(0.1)
  = -0.8 + 0.6
  = -0.2