こうじゃね?
String regex = "[;\\\\/:\\*?\\"<>|]
hoge = "ab?cdefg";
p = Pattern.compile(regex);
m = p.matcher(s);
System.out.println(m.find());

hoge = "abc:de;fg";
p = Pattern.compile(regex);
m = p.matcher(s);
System.out.println(m.find());

hoge = "abcdefg";
p = Pattern.compile(regex);
m = p.matcher(s);
System.out.println(m.find());

hoge = "abc\\<>defg";
p = Pattern.compile(regex);
m = p.matcher(s);
System.out.println(m.find());

hoge = "abcd345ほげ「^\\efg";
p = Pattern.compile(regex);
m = p.matcher(s);
System.out.println(m.find());

hoge = "abc\\<>defg";
p = Pattern.compile(regex);
m = p.matcher(s);
System.out.println(m.find());