↑おもいっきりぬけてたので修正しました

std::vector<int> test;

test.push_back(0);
test.push_back(1);
test.push_back(2);
test.push_back(3);
test.push_back(4);


for ( std::vector<int>:iterator element = test.begin(); element != test.end(); element++ ) {
if ( *element == 2 ) {
test.erase(element);
}
}