open my $lock, "> $lock_file" or die;
flock $lock, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB or die;

open my $in, "< $data_file" or die;
open my $out, "> $tmp_file" or die;

while (my $line = <$in>) {
# bra bra bra
. . . . .
print $out $line or die;
}

close $out or die;
close $in;

rename $tmp_file, $data_file or die;

close $lock;

とかでいいんじゃね？