lim(x→0){(1+x)^1/x−e}/x
y=1/xとおくと
lim[y→∞]{(1+1/y)^y−e}/(1/y)

t=(1+1/y)^y
logt=y(1+1/y)
(1/t)dt/dy=(1+1/y)+y(-1/y^2)
dt/dy=t=(1+1/y)^y

よって、lim[y→∞](1+1/y)^y/(-1/y^2)=lim[y→∞]-y^2(1+1/y)^y
    (→-(∞)^2・e)→ −∞